What problems should patients with coronary heart disease pay attention to in physical activities?
Coronary heart disease is an abbreviated disease name, the full name is “coronary atherosclerotic heart disease”. People over 40 years of age have a high incidence.
According to the situation, it is divided into five types clinically: occult coronary heart disease, angina coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction coronary heart disease, myocardial sclerosis coronary heart disease, and sudden death coronary heart disease.
In addition to treating patients with coronary heart disease according to their condition and type, they can also cooperate with physical activities to improve circulation, promote blood oxygen supply, limit obesity, stabilize the condition, and improve health. In fact, many patients have also achieved good results after overcoming bad habits, paying attention to food hygiene, taking proper rest, and cooperating with active and constant physical activities.
How to perform physical activities in patients with coronary heart disease is a complicated problem, and there are certain contradictions. Because of any type of coronary heart disease, the myocardium needs a blood oxygen supply. Physical activity can increase blood circulation and oxygen uptake. At the same time, physical activity also increases the burden on the coronary arteries.
How to perform sports activities correctly and appropriately is a key issue. Patients should master some knowledge of coronary heart disease and physical activity methods, and properly combine exercises in order to get good benefits. Otherwise, regardless of the condition, knowing the method and not combining it with the actual situation of your body, blindly taking a lot of exercises will be useless and harmful to the disease. Patients with coronary heart disease should first give up their bad habits. Tobacco and alcohol are the main enemies of coronary heart disease.
In the diet, it is not advisable to eat more foods containing fat and high cholesterol, such as fatty meat and animal offal. On this basis, scientific and orderly physical exercise will achieve good results. In the exercise, the following questions should be paid attention to. The content of the physical activity should be selected for gentle movements, uniform rhythm, stable breathing, and heart rate. Sports items and content with fewer ups and downs: walking, freehand exercises, Tai Chi, Tai Chi sword gate ball, and some single movements.
Such as swinging arms, shaking the waist, standing or sitting, deep breathing, walking into rhythmic breathing, or additional swinging movements of the upper limbs in all directions. In order to maintain and promote the flexibility of the joints, you can also practice kicks and legs.
Should be based on the actual conditions of age, physique, and disease, carefully choose exercise intensity and exercise volume and resistance exercises, so as not to increase the burden on the heart.
Such as long-distance running, football, basketball, table tennis, mountain climbing, fishing. You should avoid playing poker and chess for a long time, and you should not make your spirits and emotions too excited and agitated.
Some sports should be strictly prohibited, such as swimming, winter swimming, skating, long-distance running, rowing, weightlifting, etc. Playing poker and chess for extended periods of time should also be absolutely prohibited.
Pay attention to self-perception. Patients with coronary heart disease should pay attention to their self-perception before, during, and after the activity. Before the activity, the spirit is refreshed and there is no discomfort. During and after the activity, there is no feeling of breathlessness, chest tightness, palpitations, dizziness, headache, chest and shoulder pain, or emotional restlessness.
There should be slight fatigue after the activity, but you can recover after a short rest. If you feel uncomfortable during exercise, you should stop the activity immediately and go to the hospital for examination.
The method of self-monitoring exercise volume should be self-monitoring, and the following two methods can be used.
One is exercise pulse monitoring, and the other is morning pulse monitoring
1. Exercise pulse monitoring method: Take a rest for 5 minutes before exercise and measure the number of beats of the radial artery (pulse in the wrist) for 1 minute, and use this as the basic pulse. At the end of the physical activity, the pulse rate of the radial artery for 1 minute was measured immediately as the exercise pulse.
Then rest for 5 minutes in the back seat and measure the pulse rate again. This is the post-exercise pulse. Use these three pulses for comparison. The exercise pulse frequency should be greater than the basic pulse frequency and should be controlled within the range of 30%~50% of the basic pulse.
Post-exercise pulse is measured after 5 minutes of rest after exercise. The pulse rate after exercise should be equal to or close to the basic pulse rate. If the pulse rate after exercise is more than 5 times the basic pulse rate, it means that the amount of exercise is large, that is, the burden on the myocardium is large, and the amount of exercise should be reduced.
2. Morning pulse monitoring: Morning pulse monitoring is to temporarily get up after waking up in the morning, measure the number of radial artery pulses by yourself, and then participate in sports activities. The morning pulse frequency was measured again the next morning and compared with the previous day.
If the morning pulse and the pulse frequency of the previous day are equal or close, it means that the amount of physical activity is appropriate. If the pulse frequency is higher than 5 times the previous day, it means that the amount of exercise is large, and the amount of exercise should be reduced.
Although this method is convenient to apply, it should eliminate the interference of labor, overwork, and other factors. Fourth, patients with occult coronary heart disease over 40 years of age must pay more attention to safety during exercise.
Because I don’t have any symptoms of discomfort, I don’t even know that I am suffering from coronary heart disease, so I don’t know how to control the amount of exercise, exercise intensity, and excitement during exercise, which is prone to accidents.
Therefore, we must pay attention to self-feeling and self-monitoring in exercises at all ages. If you find discomfort and any abnormal feeling, you should go to the hospital to check carefully. Patients with coronary heart disease should exercise together in sports activities. When choosing walking, alternate walking, or jogging, they should be able to talk freely. It means that the exercise is too intense, and patients with coronary heart disease, especially those with angina pectoris, should be relieved immediately. First aid medicine should be provided in the pocket, and companions should know that occasional attacks can be emergencies.
In the event of a coronary heart disease attack, you should lie down on the spot, do not move indiscriminately, and call the emergency center for rescue while using first aid medicine.
What problems should be paid attention to in sports activities for hypertension?
Hypertension is not only a disease that occurs frequently among middle-aged and elderly people, but also often occurs among middle-aged and young people, but the incidence is low. The incidence rate increases with age. In addition to long-term medication to stabilize the condition of hypertension, physical exercise should also be listed as an important adjuvant therapy like medication.
Because physical activity can control obesity, promote blood circulation, maintain blood vessel elasticity and prevent myocardial damage, which can also play a role in stabilizing the condition. Patients with hypertension should choose appropriate physical activities according to their condition, age, physical condition, and personal hobbies in order to obtain beneficial effects.
In reality, there are indeed many middle-aged and elderly people suffering from hypertension. They take medicines on time, take serious and continuous physical activity, and they can also achieve the effect of prolonging the life of the disease. Hypertension is characterized by high blood pressure, but high blood pressure is not necessarily high. Blood pressure disease, because some diseases can also be complicated by high blood pressure, such as kidney disease, diabetic arterial disease, craniocerebral disease, pregnancy poisoning, etc.
Therefore, when the blood pressure is high, you should go to the hospital to find out the cause of the high blood pressure. If it is hypertension, you should take medication and participate in sports activities according to hypertension. If the blood pressure is high due to other diseases, it should be treated as the original disease and should be treated with sports activities. Hypertension should be treated with sports activities and accompanied for life. However, attention should be paid to exercise content, methods, taboos, and personal characteristics.
Due to the differences in age, gender, condition, education level, interest, and physical activity basis of hypertensive patients, it is difficult to use uniform movements for universal application, but it is safe and effective to pay attention to and follow the principles of sports medicine treatment.
1. In terms of selecting the action content: choose the action content with gentle movement, uniform rhythm, steady breathing, and small heart rate fluctuations. You can choose to walk, jogging, freehand exercises, Tai Chi, Tai Chi sword, swinging arms, shaking the waist, standing and deep breathing, walking deep breathing, walking exercises (do arm swing and flexion movements during walking), etc.
Carefully choose more intense sports, such as badminton table tennis, medium-speed running, and fast-paced aerobics. Absolutely taboo items are swimming, winter swimming, skating, skiing, mountain climbing, walking backward, crawling, and sports with strong resistance and high excitement. Playing poker for too long should be strictly prohibited.
2. Stay refreshed, feel good about yourself, and have no mental burden during the activity. If you have headaches, insomnia, depression, fatigue, you should stop the exercise in time and do some relaxing sports activities according to the condition after the examination.
People often encounter some uncomfortable things in family and social activities, which can cause emotional distress. The key is to be good at liberating themselves. Relaxed physical activities can help relieve emotional worries. When the emotional upset is in the tense phase, you should stop the intense exercise and replace it with relaxing physical activity.
For example, walking in a place with fresh air and beautiful scenery, coupled with some upper limb activities, will relieve worries and irritability, thereby also stabilizing blood pressure.
3. Self-monitoring of exercise volume: Patients with hypertension should not exercise too much during physical activities, and measure the pulse rate per minute. The number of pulses of the radial artery is measured after a quiet rest for 5 minutes. This number can be called the basic pulse number. When the pulse is active, the number of pulses is increased. This number is called the exercise pulse. The increase in pulse number should not exceed 50 of the basic pulse. %.
For example, the basic pulse is 72 times, 50% of which is 36 times, using the original basic pulse of 72 times plus 36 times is 108 times, so exercise pulses should not exceed 108 times during activity. In addition, it also depends on the recovery of the pulse after exercise (see the method of exercise pulse monitoring in Coronary Heart Disease).
If hypertension is accompanied by coronary heart disease, it should be less than 50% of the basic pulse, preferably 30%~40%. 4. Exercise time: For hypertensive patients, the time for each activity is generally 30~45 minutes, preferably in the morning, and in the evening. It is better to stay away from bedtime.
It is best to exercise 15~2 hours before going to bed, and the amount of exercise is less than that in the morning because the increase in excitability after activity will cause insomnia. 5. The habit of regular blood pressure measurement should be developed: blood pressure is measured 2~3 times a week in order to understand your condition. If you find that your blood pressure rises, especially your diastolic blood pressure (low pressure) rises or is unstable, you should stop your activity or reduce the amount of exercise, and resume sports activities after the blood pressure stabilizes.
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